Sex Crimes

1. How many priests have been accused?

The sources for these numbers are The Nature and Scope of the Problem of Sexual Abuse of Minors by Priests and Deacons, by Karen Terry et al., prepared by the John Jay College of Criminal Justice (Washington DC: USCCB, 2004), with the annual implementation reports issued by the USCCB for 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.

See our summary of the data with links to sources. BishopAccountablity.org maintains a Database of Accused Priests that provides information on every bishop, priest, nun, brother, deacon, and seminarian who has been named publicly in an allegation. Our current totals in those categories, as of August 7, 2009, are:

Note: This table shows that we have learned the names of 80 additional accused priests since July 2008. But the USCCB reports that in 2008, bishops and superiors of religious orders received allegations regarding 225 priests not previously known by them to be accused (173 diocesan priests and 52 religious order priests). This would suggest that we face an uphill battle in identifying credibly accused priests, and that bishops and superiors are still not being forthcoming about the identities of priests who are newly accused.

2. How many children have been victimized by priests?

As with the official numbers for accused priests, the sources are The Nature and Scope of the Problem of Sexual Abuse of Minors by Priests and Deacons, by Karen Terry et al., prepared by the John Jay College of Criminal Justice (Washington DC: USCCB, 2004), with the annual implementation reports issued by the USCCB for 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008.

This count of victims is universally acknowledged to be low. Here are several estimates of the correct number.

3. How have incidents and allegations varied over time?

The Nature and Scope of the Problem of Sexual Abuse of Minors by Priests and Deacons, by Karen Terry et al., prepared by the John Jay College of Criminal Justice (Washington DC: USCCB, 2004) and the Supplementary Data Analysis published by the same authors in 2006 propose a "Shape of the Crisis."

Management

4. How many bishops have been accused of abuse of minors?

The most complete tabulation of abuse allegations against U.S. bishops is our U.S. Bishops Accused of Abuse, which includes photos, career histories, and links to sources.

5 . How many bishops have enabled abuse?

The best available study of bishops accused of enabling abuse is Two-Thirds of Bishops Let Accused Priests Work, by Brooks Egerton and Reese Dunklin (Dallas Morning News, June 12, 2002), with its table Bishops' Record in Cases of Accused Priests. We are currently reviewing that table and updating it. We have recently revised a spreadsheet showing the status of each bishop analyzed by Egerton and Dunklin. It shows that:

6. What percent of parishes in each diocese have been affected?

Studies suggest that many Catholic dioceses in the United States have had a priest accused of abuse living at the rectory and doing parish work. The Los Angeles Times determined from an extensive data study in 2005 that over three-quarters of LA parishes had been at risk since 1950. We have done similar studies of Davenport IA and Rockville Centre NY and will release a study of Bridgeport CT later this summer. In the next week, we will be updating our Davenport study to include additional accused priests acknowledged by the diocese on 7/11/08.

Outcomes

7. How many cases have been filed?

The exact number is not known. The most reliable estimate appears in Catholic Clergy Sexual Abuse Meets the Civil Law, by Thomas Doyle and Steven Rubino (Fordham Urban Law Review, January 1, 2004), p. 3 and n. 11. Doyle and Rubino conclude "from unofficial consultations with attorneys and from press reports" that 1984-2003 "there have been about 3,000 civil cases related to clergy sex abuse throughout the United States." This would appear to include the hundreds of suits filed during the 2003 SOL window in California. It does not include suits filed in 2004-2009, after the article appeared.

Rubino is cited in Holding Bishops Accountable: How Lawsuits Helped the Catholic Church Confront Clergy Sexual Abuse, by Timothy D. Lytton (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press), p. 50, as stating that in 1984-2005 he opened 2,264 new client files. During the same period, Jeffrey Anderson signed retainer agreements with 1,012 clients. Both groups of cases include some complainants allegedly abused by non-Catholic clergy.

An unknown number of complaints have been settled by U.S. bishops before lawsuits were filed, often with confidentiality agreements.

8 . How many settlements have been made for how much?

For the best data on settlements, see our table Major Settlements and Monetary Awards in Civil Suits. That table provides exact counts and estimates in three categories:

(1) $1,902,825,000 in large settlements and awards (in excess of $1 million each);

(2) Pre-2002 payouts, documented in local John Jay reports, of more than $750 million (some of that amount overlaps item 1 above); and

(3) Smaller post-2002 settlements (under $1 million each) likely totaling at least $500 million.

This estimated total of $3 billion far exceeds the dire prediction of Doyle, Peterson, and Mouton in 1985. And $3 billion might even be an underestimate. Our table shows payouts to 3,547 survivors, only about 27 percent of the over 13,000 survivors who the bishops say have come forward. The total number of victims may be 100,000.

9. How many false allegations have been made?

"Patrick Schiltz, dean of the University of St. Thomas law school in Minnesota, said that over more than a decade he had defended Catholic dioceses against sexual-abuse lawsuits in more than 500 cases, and that he had concluded that 'fewer than 10' of those cases were based on false accusations." See Doubt Is Cast on Accuser of 2 Priests, Judge Says, by Sam Dillon, New York Times, August 31, 2002. Schiltz was named a federal district court judge in 2006.

The Schiltz estimate is corroborated by a 2004 report commissioned by the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops and written by the John Jay College of Criminal Justice. The report analyzed surveys completed by the U.S. dioceses and many religious orders. The collated results of one of the surveys show that 5,681diocesan investigations of abuse allegations in 1950-2002 yielded definitive results:

4,570 allegations were substantiated      (80%)
1,028 allegations were unsubstantiated  (18%)
     83 allegations were deemed false     (1.5%)

Note that these definitively investigated allegations represent slightly more than half of the 10,667 allegations reported in the John Jay study. The other allegations were investigated without definitive result or were not investigated at all. Moreover, the church-funded research project did not collect any data on 298 priests who were considered by their bishops to be exonerated when the dioceses completed the surveys in 2003.

Kathleen McChesney, who was the first executive director of the Office for Child and Youth Protection of the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops has summarized the John Jay findings on false allegations: "False reporting of sexual abuse by children is very rare."

In 1985, Rev. Michael R. Peterson, then president of St. Luke Institute, a church treatment center for priests accused of sexual abuse, sent a package to the bishop of every diocese in the United States. The package contained a letter, an essay on the abuse problem, a copy of the Manual that Peterson wrote with Rev. Thomas P. Doyle O.P. and F. Ray Mouton, and a collection of scientific articles on sexual abuse. In his essay, Peterson states: "In general, the adage that 'where there is smoke there is fire' is almost always true. I am not saying that it is impossible for a false accusation to be made; I am saying that in general the 'tip of the iceberg' is being exposed with a single accusation and that the cleric will generally need some kind of professional and legal help in a very short period of time."

The assessments cited above were made during the period 1985-2006 by experts employed by the U.S. bishops. Note that while false accusations are very rare, they do happen. A Boston man victimized as a very young child misidentified his perpetrator. The priest was reinstated. An extortionist accused a Portland, Oregon, priest with many substantiated allegations against him. The extortionist is now in prison. BishopAccountability.org is assembling data on disputed allegations.

10. How many cases have ended in a trial?

The best source on trials of sexual abuse suits alleging abuse by Catholic clergy is our Sexual Abuse Cases That Have Gone to Trial. We identify 37 trials in 1986-2009 and provide links to source information..

11. How many priests have been laicized for sexual abuse?

The most complete list is our Laicization - A Draft Preliminary List, which provides names and links to sources for over 250 laicized priests, with additional information on 40 pending laicizations. The list is being revised to provide a list of priests who have been ordered by the Vatican to live a life of prayer and penance, as well as information on the process of laicization. If you know of a laicized priest who is not on our list, please send his name to us at staff@bishop-accountability.org.

12. Where are the accused priests now?

Little is known about the whereabouts of Catholic priests who have been accused of sexual abuse. BishopAccountability.org is launching a national effort to determine the current status of every person listed in our Database of Accused Priests—who is dead, who is in prison, who has been returned to ministry, who is working in another profession, and where they now live and work. We will not provide street addresses. Please contact us at staff@bishop-accountability.org if you have information to help with this important work.

13. What is the current status of statutes of limitations and what are the trends?

One of the most important public policy developments in this area is the reform of statutes of limitations in California and Delaware and the effort to reform the laws in other states. BishopAccountability.org is launching a national effort to provide information on these developments. Please contact us at staff@bishop-accountability.org if you can help with this work.